I only know how to code stuff in PHP, but even that's very rusty for me at the moment. I would love to code in other languages, but I don't have the patience to self-teach myself at the moment :P
I will say though that I am a computer programming student for the time being, so I'll start classes on those soon enough once these pre-reqs are wiped out.
I highly recommend
Codeacademy in this instance. I've played with it myself, and while what they teach is fairly basic, it can contribute to building a fairly decent foundation. They have tracks in Ruby, Ruby on Rails, Python, PHP, as well as JavaScript and JQuery.
@Greenflame: Rust is a really nice language, and is one that you might want to look into, along with Go/Golang, if you expect to be doing a lot of systems programming. If you're looking to make user side programs, you're far better off learning a .NET language like C# (especially considering that .NET Core is now open source and fairly crossplatform-ish, with other components of the new .NET coming along in the future). You also have Xamarin, which will let you use C# to build mobile apps for Android and iOS.
A good thing to try out when you're learning a new language or trialing a new language is to write a small utility app, like a To-do List. Another thing that you can do is write a Markdown Compiler/Parser, especially since Markdown is a pretty messy spec at times, and you're probably going to be using a lot of features from the language and its standard library (if it has one) for it.
@Tsutarja: My Computer Organization (Digital Logic Circuits, MIPS Assembly) professor codes in Fortran, although that's going to be a little more common if you work for NASA or the US Military.
Java is definitely like C, although it abstracts you further from the computer, so it's a lot easier to use. There are also more protections against screwing up, so there are things here and there that would be possible in C/C++, but not in Java (or any other higher level language). If you're having trouble figuring out how to do something in C/C++, try coding in Java, Ruby, JavaScript, or some other C-based language at a higher level. Remember: It's always better to solve problems at the highest level possible. That's why we code in Java, C++, or any scripting language, instead of writing Assembler code or generate our algorithms on logic circuits.|
EDIT: If you're looking for friendly coding practice in Java or Python, give CodingBat a visit.