Male Circumcision Ethical?
So, I think many of us overlook circumcision as a social norm. However, female circumcision has been deemed cruel by our society. Is it right to remove a part of the human male's anatomy without the child's consent? Should a parent be able to decide to remove part of their child's foreskin, if having a non-circumcised penis is a non-health threatening condition?
Why are infants circumcised?
Religion: Mostly it is done for religious reasoning among the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian communities. Also, the amount of skin removed in modern surgeries is somewhere from 4 to 5 times more than what Abraham had removed from the foreskin.
Social Norm: Since most male infants are circumcised in the U.S., there is a societal pressure to have children circumcised. Also, in media and culture, it has been expressed that non-circumcised penis are not as "attractive."
Health: Although there are studies that say that there are benefits; there are many studies that also day it has adverse effects. For the most part, .edu and .gov sites explain that if there are any benefits or adverse effects, that they are minuscule, and that there is little "hard evidence" either way. If you do any internet research, beware old/non-endorsed studies, generalities, and any sites that are not .gov or .edu.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (1999) stated: "Existing scientific evidence demonstrates potential medical benefits of newborn male circumcision; however, these data are not sufficient to recommend routine neonatal circumcision. In the case of circumcision, in which there are potential benefits and risks, yet the procedure is not essential to the child's current well-being, parents should determine what is in the best interest of the child."[25] The AAP recommends that if parents choose to circumcise, analgesia should be used to reduce pain associated with circumcision. It states that circumcision should only be performed on newborns who are stable and healthy.[25]
The American Medical Association supports the AAP's 1999 circumcision policy statement with regard to non-therapeutic circumcision, which they define as the non-religious, non-ritualistic, not medically necessary, elective circumcision of male newborns. They state that "policy statements issued by professional societies representing Australian, Canadian, and American pediatricians do not recommend routine circumcision of male newborns."[47]
The American Academy of Family Physicians (2007) recognizes the controversy surrounding circumcision and recommends that physicians "discuss the potential harms and benefits of circumcision with all parents or legal guardians considering this procedure for their newborn son."[218]
The American Urological Association (2007) stated that neonatal circumcision has potential medical benefits and advantages as well as disadvantages and risks.
So, these groups do not recommend circumcision, nor are they actively against the procedure.
So, I think many of us overlook circumcision as a social norm. However, female circumcision has been deemed cruel by our society. Is it right to remove a part of the human male's anatomy without the child's consent? Should a parent be able to decide to remove part of their child's foreskin, if having a non-circumcised penis is a non-health threatening condition?
Why are infants circumcised?
Religion: Mostly it is done for religious reasoning among the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian communities. Also, the amount of skin removed in modern surgeries is somewhere from 4 to 5 times more than what Abraham had removed from the foreskin.
Social Norm: Since most male infants are circumcised in the U.S., there is a societal pressure to have children circumcised. Also, in media and culture, it has been expressed that non-circumcised penis are not as "attractive."
Health: Although there are studies that say that there are benefits; there are many studies that also day it has adverse effects. For the most part, .edu and .gov sites explain that if there are any benefits or adverse effects, that they are minuscule, and that there is little "hard evidence" either way. If you do any internet research, beware old/non-endorsed studies, generalities, and any sites that are not .gov or .edu.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (1999) stated: "Existing scientific evidence demonstrates potential medical benefits of newborn male circumcision; however, these data are not sufficient to recommend routine neonatal circumcision. In the case of circumcision, in which there are potential benefits and risks, yet the procedure is not essential to the child's current well-being, parents should determine what is in the best interest of the child."[25] The AAP recommends that if parents choose to circumcise, analgesia should be used to reduce pain associated with circumcision. It states that circumcision should only be performed on newborns who are stable and healthy.[25]
The American Medical Association supports the AAP's 1999 circumcision policy statement with regard to non-therapeutic circumcision, which they define as the non-religious, non-ritualistic, not medically necessary, elective circumcision of male newborns. They state that "policy statements issued by professional societies representing Australian, Canadian, and American pediatricians do not recommend routine circumcision of male newborns."[47]
The American Academy of Family Physicians (2007) recognizes the controversy surrounding circumcision and recommends that physicians "discuss the potential harms and benefits of circumcision with all parents or legal guardians considering this procedure for their newborn son."[218]
The American Urological Association (2007) stated that neonatal circumcision has potential medical benefits and advantages as well as disadvantages and risks.
So, these groups do not recommend circumcision, nor are they actively against the procedure.
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