What holds more sway in contemporary society, public opinion or the law?
In a society where appearances are everything, public opinion can hold a bit too much sway if you ask me. Even if an action is perfectly legal, if society in general does not approve it still becomes taboo and it can cause a lot of trouble if people find out you are breaking this taboo. In theory, the law is more powerful - since it can be enforced, but the reality of the matter is we are far more concerned with public opinion as a society.
Exhibit A - It is illegal to download illegally but most of society accepts that it is okay, so pretty much everyone still does it.
Do the two differ? If so, how much and in what areas?
See my above comment about piracy. That's one of the most obvious ones to me.
Another rather large discrepancy that I'm seeing is public opinion on dating/the age of consent relative to the law.
Point 1: In Australia, the way the law is phrased means that it is perfectly legal for an adult to have a non-sexual relationship with someone who is below the age of consent. But public opinion, is that this is wrong so the "offender" in the couple could still very well end up labelled as a sex offender, imprisoned or have there entire future ruined by something perfectly legal.
Point B: There are people on the other side of the spectrum, who think that if the age gap is small enough even a sexual relationship would then be okay. This is actually a fairly large community of people (which does unfortunately include actual paedophiles) and they simply disregard the law - very few that I have met have ever suffered consequences.
Both maybe be opposite situations, but both raise the same point - regardless of your circle, public opinion will always hold more sway over your actions than the law.
Should they both affect our decisions and if so, to what extent?
Do a degree, I think that yes public opinion should affect our decisions. It is fairly important that we are not ostracised from our communities if we wish to make friends and find good work. This being said, I do not think public opinion should hold as much sway as it does. I find that all too often it interferes with peoples happiness and well-being because they are too afraid to act in a manor society deems inappropriate.
The law should definitely be an important factor. Nobody should be going around committing major crimes simply because they feel like it and regardless of the severity of the crime people who break the law should certainly be prepared to suffer consequences and at least know what they're getting into.
Does either have influence over the other? Is it a good thing if they do?
I think, that the law is far more affected by public opinion than opinion is by the law.
Largely, because in democratic countries (which is most of them at this point I'm fairly sure) the law is made by public opinion. Society is either directly (the MPs) or indirectly (the voters) responsible for what laws are brought in, and which are thrown out. This, is a good thing. The problem is when pubic opinion overrides legality.
Lastly, which do you find is more important to you?
This is a hard thing to answer, and it depends a lot upon the situation. In general, I do not like to be ruled by the opinions of others so I have a tendency to follow my own morals - which generally include doing what is legal, if not for a feeling of moral obligation certainly out of an instinct for self preservation.