I do not think it has much of an impact, and it will take augmented reality a few more generations (of the technology, not human generations, and technology of this kind moves fast) before it makes sense to consider it in urban planning.
You just do urban planning like you would depending on anything else, and then you can later move around gyms and pokestops accordingly. I have seen pokestops disappear and reappear.
A next step that could bring changes would be augmented reality platforms that support multiple applications running on them simultaneously. So currently you have one app to see where the DriveNow cars are on a map, which you can just pick up without a key and drive around the city and park at any legal parking space, for a fee. You have another app to get a bike the same way, i believe the most modern bike sharing system is MVG Rad in Munich. You have another app to call a taxi, and the uber app, and of course you have an app that navigates you through the public transportation system, with subway, bus, suburban trains and streetcars integrated.
Now imagine a virtual reality platform, and it supports pokemon go as well as all the other stuff, you can add apps, public transportation is one, pokemon go is another, the BMW car sharing is another one. You have a pokestop here, a gym there, a BMW I3 that you can pick up over there, a rental bike around the corner, and some bus stations and a subway station, and the subway station is bright colored and has an arrow pointing and displays a subway line because if you walk there now, you can catch that subway with little waiting time. The mini coopers and other BMWs that you can pick up in the area do not light up, but the BMW I3 has a glow because you like that fully electric vehicle and the software knows it. And you can also catch pokemon and spin pokestops.
Once different things integrate into the same VR platform, it gets interesting, and urban planning may change. Considering the things to come, pokemon go is crude and basic. Its first generation. They could easily upgrade it to generation 2, by allowing you to put tags on the map that you can edit and remove. You park your car, put your custom tag on it, you will never have to search for your car again. You put tags on your favorite restaurants. You still mainly use it to play pokemon go, but its kinda useful that all the bus stops and train stops and subway stops have their map symbol.
I think you have to wait for generation 3 before it gets interesting for urban planning. Build special places where people can pick up a bike or a car or a motorbike, next to a train station, frequently visited by taxi and uber drivers. and make it so that it is easily accessible and feels good for pedestrians, bikers, motorcyclists, cars, taxis.
You should write your thesis about that, pokemon go is too small, it is easier to move around pokestops and gyms than it is to move around roads or bike lanes or pedestrian bridges or a hub for 20 rental bikes.
Consider putting just two functionalities into one VR. Lets say pokemon go and bike sharing. You play pokemon go as you walk around, and on the map you also have all the bikes you can take and use. A rare pokemon spawns in the distance, fortunately there is a bike nearby. Obviously this is also useful outside of the game, you habitually play pokemon go, your car breaks down, you need to get to an appointment, now the nearby bike that pokemon go shows you can make a real difference.
By the way, to explain the bikes, you may be unaware of.... These are good bikes that you can adjust to your body size, they have a basically indestructable box of metal built into the frame that controls the lock, that has GPS and galileo tracking, communicates with the system using cellphone infrastructure, and has a small display. At subway and train stations and at key locations throughout the city, there are hubs where a number of them can be parked. The rest is software. You can pick up a bike anywhere and leave it anywhere within the city, for a fee. You can reserve a bike for your use only, for a fee. You can pick one up at a hub and ride it anywhere and leave it there, for a fee. And for free, no cost, you can pick up a stray anywhere and drive it to a hub, which will likely be the train or subway or bus station that is of use to you, put it in the hub, and you got a free ride. They also have a fleet of vehicles and many employees to pick up strays, to follow up on bikes that went dark, (stolen by shooting or sledge-hammering the electronics?), to do maintenance, to re-charge the batteries, and to generally collect strays and putting them into hubs. The rest is software. The app gives you a live map showing all available bikes, all the randomply placed strays as well as the ones in hubs.
Augmented reality can connect different things into one augmented reality, and that is when it starts to get interesting. Generation 1 fails at man things, for example, next time there is a tsunami warning for a big wave that can kill hundreds of thousands of people, niantic will be unable to warn anyone. The big one in 2004 killed between 230000 and 280000 people, there was a warning time, many of them had cellphones, they still died.
Lets say a nuclear blast hits a city, those who survive the photon radiation and the shockwave that follows it can often outwalk the fallout and have enough time to walk (or limp) to safety before they get hit by fallout and get a lethal dose. If niantic gets a call and gets told: "Your players in that specific region, and anyone else in that region, will die from a lethal dose of radiation from the fallout in approximately two hours, they can make it if they start walking east or south or southeast", niantic could not do anything. They could, in time, maybe push a message to all users using a specific version, or to everyone, but different people would need to move in different directions based on their current location.
Augmented reality is nowhere near maturity. Pokemon go is just generation 1, people play it, its a game, but it is the things to come that will reveal the true value of augmented reality, and pokemon go could be a part of it, but most likely it will stay just a game and not move beyond it.
