EV's are the general terms Effort Values to raise the stats of a Pokemon in a certain way. Vitamin items like Protein and Iron are EV increasing items. One Pokemon can have up to 512 Max EV, 255 max in one stat. EV's are obtained when defeating a certain Pokemon ingame. Vitamins increase a Pokemon's stat EV's by 10. There are also EV decreasing Berries as well.
Natures increase a certain stat 10% and drops a certain stat 10%. Some natures are Neutral, not affecting any stats, but are still bad for battling D:
For example:
Salamence
Attack Stat
Without any EV's but max IV's(Individual Values) and Neutral Nature :
306
but...
With max EV's and max IV's(Individual Values) and Positive Nature :
405
A very huge difference isn't it? =D
Now that we've come here, I suppose you want me to explain IV's (Or DV's)
IV's are Individual Values that a Pokemon already has when you obtain them. They play a special role in each Pokemon's stats, the IV's range are from 0-31, 31 raising the stat greatly and 0 raising the stat none.
Neutral Natures
Bashful Nature (Neutral)
Docile Nature (Neutral)
Hardy Nature (Neutral)
Serious Nature (Neutral)
Quirky (Neutral)
+Attack Natures
Adamant Nature (+Atk, -SAtk)
Brave Nature (+Atk, -Spd)
Lonely Nature (+Atk, -Def)
Naughty Nature (+Atk, -SDef)
+Defense Natures
Bold Nature (+Def, -Atk)
Impish Nature (+Def, -SAtk)
Lax Nature (+Def, -SDef)
Relaxed Nature (+Def, -Spd)
+Speed Natures
Hasty Nature (+Spd, -Def)
Jolly Nature (+Spd, -SAtk)
Naive Nature (+Spd, -SDef)
Timid Nature (+Spd, -Atk)
+Special Attack Natures
Mild Nature (+SAtk, -Def)
Modest Nature (+SAtk, -Atk)
Quiet Nature (+SAtk, -Spd)
Rash Nature (+SAtk, -SDef)
+Special Defense Natures
Calm Nature (+SDef, -Atk)
Careful Nature (+SDef, -SAtk)
Gentle Nature (+SDef, -Def)
Sassy Nature (+SDef, -Spd)
This natures guide is strictly from Mullet's compiled guides in the Strategies and Movesets forum.