Interesting question... Guess it must be about the current metagame with the current banlist? Well, 10 cards that will allow Einstein to figure out this current banlist for YGO is...
1. Card Trooper
-It explains mill power (self-mill 3 cards), draw power (draw 1 upon death), card advantage (kill a monster, +1, dies itself, -1, draw a card upon death, +1, so net +1) and raw power in one package. It's only 3 star which is different from the usual 4, so it explains the concept of levels of monster. This card is used in far too many deck types.
2. Demise, King of Armageddon
-It's a ritual, which is a part of YGO too. Of course, it's the heart of the Demise OTK which is a popular deck today too. This one is dark/fiend, which is different than machine. It shows the attribute of monsters here. 8 stars show how high star levels can go too. Text implies how there's some card to summon rituals too. This also represents how monsters can activate its effect after paying a cost too.
3. Cyberend Dragon
Didn't choose cybertwin but cyberend because it shows the concept of fusion... Plus, this is the highest level of monster possible at 10. This is also a fusion monster, showing this concept of YGO as well. Defense pierce is a common effect, and it's in here too. Text shows how there's something smaller called Cyber Dragon too, so it shows how fusion is made of multiple monsters.
4. Dark Magician
-No reason not to include the Pikachu of YGO. It's also normal monster, and that's all the types of monster cards.
5. Twister
-it's all about how versatile this thing is, and it's quick play... it's also a spell card, and I think that's pretty important concept to show. Mentions faceup spell/trap, so it talks about the concept of the backrow, and spell/trap destruction.
6. Smashing Ground
-the concept of a card effect destroying another monster... 1-1 trade, and normal spell cards.
7. Solemn Judgment
-shows counter trap cards, and the concept of paying a cost to activate a powerful card effect... it's all in here. It also mentions life points, so surely they'll figure out that "oh 'LIFE' point is probably a measurement if you win or lose." Yes.
8. Premature Burial
-concept of equip card, and recursion effects... again, this time, there's the concept of a fixed cost. Mentions the graveyard too.
9. Bottomless Traphole
-works together with RftDD to show that there's something called a remove pile, and a few cards can send cards to a remove pile instead of graveyard. It's also a normal trap, which is pretty vital to the game.
10. Royal Decree
-continuous trap, and it shows the concept of negating stuff, which is important. This card props up in the meta usually near the end of a banlist close to the next too, for tempo control when you basically knows how everything works.
Continuous spell/field card and burn is unfortunately, not included =/ I'll definitely include Stealth Bird if it's not Dark Magician and normal monster taking up a valuable slot to demonstrate flipping face up/face down, and burn damage.
