Nipponite here.
There isn't really a clear-cut answer to your question, but I'll try my best to answer it.
In Japan, it's a great part of our culture to practice a behavior known as aizuchi, while talking with someone in a non-formal situation. It's basically when you say things like "ee", "sou desu ne", "un un", "maji", etc. at regular intervals. It's kind of like an exaggerated version of saying "mhm" or "I see" a lot when someone's talking to you. Since this is a form of respect in Japan, it's socialized to all the kids when they're growing up. People who don't do this are considered quiet or withdrawn, which is one reason why most of Japan thinks y'all gaijin are weird.
Lots of school-age Japanese girls could be considered drama queens by Western standards. Especially high schoolers, whose favorite words are "ee" and "maji", as if they're constantly surprised by everything (guys, interestingly, tend to be less noisy). They also usually say it in a really crude and deep voice, as if they were throwing up or something. It's not very elegant, and certainly not kawaii.
As an aside, they do use the word a lot though. For example, if two friends were walking down a street and saw something cute, they'd go all "ne, are, kawaii desho?"
Anime likes to have characters that represent the whole spectrum of people, including everything from silent to grandiloquent, innocent to cutthroat. But in reality, the Japanese people fit mostly into a range so small that sometimes everyone seems the same (we do have our outliers, but so does everyone else). Kawaii is outside of that range.
The kawaii mannerisms that you mention are seen in people who are either so naive that they can't live any other way, or are clever enough to behave that way (usually an effective method to get what you want, e.g. popularity, boifurendo). It generally goes from former to latter as one ages. That's the reason why on Twitter JP, you can see so many "kawaii" people who are in their late teens or twenties. Usually, you don't see that many kawaii people out in the open, since really, there aren't.
In terms of anime inspired culture, there isn't really an overwhelming amount. But there are a few major ones.
Akihabara (Electric City), or
Akiba for short, was once just an tech/music shopping outlet, but now is filled with anime/kawaii/moe/hentai. There are also some people who like to live out their fantasies by wearing gothic lolita or latex battle costumes all day long, although that isn't too common. Except for things like album art for music. Usually, it's either some anime-style illustration, or a picture of someone, usually the artist him/herself wearing an anime-inspired fantasy costume. Idol groups also make their members wear these dresses that attempt to be "kawaii".
Also, this:
General bookstores now always have a manga/light novel department, partitioned into sections like seinen, shougakkou (elementary school), or yaoi (you'll see a LOT of girls here). Kinokuniya, one major bookstore chain, is filled to the brim with stuff like this.
And I wanted to at least mention how they look, for the sake of some disillusioned person reading this post. Unlike what you see in anime, not every Japanese girl looks like a supermodel or is in perfect body condition. To quote my brother who lives in Saitama: "AKB48 isn't even pretty, and they change every year anyways. It's nothing like iM@S or Love Live."
Hope this helped.