It can sometimes be hard to spot such situations. But usually it involves some sort of ideological argumentation. This is often combined with logical fallacies whenever they fail to provide proper arguments. Like ad hominem. But I've also run into way too many situations of "appeal to authority" (someone who is an expert in one field tries to explain things that are out of his field). Like a boss who is good at his field of study and at being a business person but severely lacks on the emotional understanding who then projects this business attitude onto every other person and uses that as a reason on why one should be selfish.
Another situation can arise when someone is easy to complain about basically everything. I'm talking about those who constantly see themselves as victims whenever something happens that's inconvenient to them. Even though their general standing is way above what the huge majority has available to them; like a house, a well paid job, etc.