2. are we alone? (alien)
Of course not! The universe is vast, I don't understand those who think that we're all there is. Plus I believe they discovered microscopic life on Mars already.
They definitely did not. They've found evidence that at some point their
might have been microscopic life, but if any sort of life was found on a different planet, even microscopic life, it would have blown up all over the news as the biggest story of the century - or ever really.
Anyway, to answer the questions myself as well.
1. Is there an entity beyond space and time? (god)
Maybe? This is something that is legitimately just not possible to prove, or to disprove. The only thing I can say is that if there is a god or gods out there, they are probably an existence completely alien to us that do not resemble the deities we describe in our religions at all.
2. Are we alone? (alien)
It's possible, but statistically very unlikely. The universe is unfathomably large and even just the small chunk of it we have really observed is full of planets and moons that are probably habitable. That's not even considering the possibility of life with totally different living requirements to the carbon-based life we're familiar with on Earth. I find it hard to believe we're the only life in the universe when there's more universe out there than we can even possibly observe because it's too large and expanding too fast for light from the end of it to ever reach us.
The possibility of encountering another intelligent civilisation though? Those are much smaller odds for the same reason that the odds of other life existing are so huge. The universe is just so damn big that you would have to be able to violate the laws that govern reality to actually cross it. Even a race with access to ships powered by antimatter or fusion would most-likely take multiple generations to get from one solar system to another - assuming one of the trillion things in space that can kill you didn't prevent them from finishing the journey or that they didn't just destroy themselves first. The Fermi paradox is a thing for a reason.
3. Is there an afterlife?
Maybe? I personally feel like there has to be
something beyond this, but there's only one way to find out so it gets lumped into the same category as god for me. It's impossible to prove, and if it exists, it's not going to resemble anything we've been told about in religious texts or mythology.
4. Is there one more humanoid race? (monsters)
Chances are that there's an alien race out there that somewhat resembles us. On Earth though, no. The closest things to that in the current age are chimpanzees and they're a long way off from fitting the bill.