Today I learned a bit about Empress Wu Zeitan, who was China's first and only female emperor, not just an empress.She was a monarch in her own right who had a long and successful reign, living to be 80.
The good--
*She was clever, extremely well-eduated, powerful and visionary. She elevated Buddhism and built magnificent pagodas, patronized scholars, wrote poetry, refined the writing system, recast relics and commissioned beautiful statues and works of art. She left China a richer more Cosmopolitan place, expanded trade with the middle East, the capital was full of commerce and luxuries, she received diplomats from all around the world at court, developed grainaries that could store rice for 10 years to make sure the people didn't starve, allowed people from poor backgrounds to serve in government based on merit and also provided opportunuty for representation of regions of country that were typically undepresented, women in general enjoyed greater freedom under her rule and could do things and receive honors and rights that only men previously did. She was undoubtedly an effective ruler, and she would not be oppressed by the conventions of the time.
*The bad and the ugly- if she got any rumor of intrigue you were exiled or executed, with pretty much no chance to defend yourself. She was absolutely ruthless about holding onto power, and had a secret police force. Some very unreputable heads of police rose through the ranks, and often exploited the Empress' suspicious nature by torturing false confessions out of the innocent to get favor. She was cutthroat with her family, forcing at least one of her sons, who had previously planned a rebellion, to commit suicide, and she is thought to have poisoned several relatives that got in her way as empress consort, including her niece when she attracted her husband the emperor's favor. They say Wu framed some extended family for the deed, and when her niece's son grew suspicious and started asking questions, she got him executed too. She also is suspected of having posioned another son of hers who was challenging her on policy. When her baby died, she accused the empress that came before her of killing it + witchcraft and she and another concubine were killed for this, and Wu took the empress' place.
Did she do more good or bad in the entirety of her life? That's a subject that is up for debate in the scholarly community. What she definitely was though was interesting to read about.